The central dogma of biology outlines the process by which genetic information is transferred within a biological system. It begins with DNA, which contains the genetic blueprint for an organism. During transcription, a specific segment of DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA then undergoes translation, where ribosomes read the sequence of the mRNA and synthesize proteins based on that information. Proteins are essential for various functions in living organisms, including structural roles, catalyzing biochemical reactions, and regulating cellular processes. Understanding the central dogma is crucial for studying genetics, molecular biology, and biotechnology.