Anaerobic exercise refers to high-intensity physical activities that do not primarily rely on oxygen for energy production. This type of exercise includes activities like weightlifting, sprinting, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). While individuals may hold their breath during these activities, it is not a defining characteristic of anaerobic exercise. The key aspect of anaerobic exercise is that it involves short bursts of intense effort, which can be performed without the need for continuous oxygen intake. Therefore, the statement that anaerobic exercise means holding your breath is false.